tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7470981409222580242023-11-16T04:32:17.798-08:00Tentang Rio AldinoAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06178037020806066187noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-747098140922258024.post-23591125061233122322012-06-14T05:55:00.000-07:002012-06-14T05:55:56.296-07:00Macam-Macam Tenses<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="background: white; color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">MACAM-MACAM TENSES<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><br />
</span><span style="background: white; color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">1. menjelaskan waktu yang sekarang :<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/present-tense/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">2. Menjelaskan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lampau<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/past-tense/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">SIMPLE PAST TENSE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">3. menjelaskan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di masa mendatang atau rencana di masa depan:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/future-tense/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">FUTURE TENSE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">4. Menjelaskan sesuatu yang akan telah terjadi. sesuatu yang diperkirakan pada waktu tertentu di masa depant telah selesai. misalnya target pembangunan stadion akan selesai tahun 2012. maka menjelang tahun 2012 tentunya pembangunan stadion itu telah selesai. namanya<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/future-perfect-tense/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">FUTURE PERFECT TENSE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">5. Dipakai untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan yang telah selesai terjadi, sebelum perbuatan lain yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk past tense terjadi.namanya;<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/07/past-perfect-tense/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">PAST PERFECT TENSE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">SERBA-SERBI YANG PERLU DIKETAHUI</span><br />
</span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/active-and-passive-voice/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
</span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/gerund/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">GERUND AND PREPOSITION</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
</span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/causative/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">CAUSATIVE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
</span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/modal-auxiliaries/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">MODAL AUXILIARIES AND MODAL PERFECTIVE</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
</span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/direct-dan-indirect-speech/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br />
</span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/comparative-degree/"><span style="background: white; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">COMPARATIVE DEGREE</span></a><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PRESENT TENSE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/present-tense/" title="7:44 am"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4 Juni 2010 at 7:44 am</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/present-tense/#comments" title="Komentar pada PRESENT TENSE"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3 Votes<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FUNGSI DAN PENGGUNAAN<br />
Dalam bahasa Inggris Present Tense atau Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian, kegiatan, aktivitas dan sebagainya yang terjadi saat ini. Present Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu Fakta, atau sesuatu yang tejadi berulang-ulang dimasa KINI. Ingat, PRESENT artinya adalah kini, sekarang.<br />
RUMUS:<br />
POSITIF: S + V1 + (s/es)<br />
NEGATIF S + DO/DOES + NOT +V1<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">TANYA DO/DOES + S + V1<br />
Contoh Kalimat Positif:<br />
<i>I drink coffee<br />
She drinks coffe<br />
We drink coffee</i><br />
PENGGUNAAN S/ES<br />
Jika Subjectnya He, She, It, Zaenab, Mufliha, Muhammad atau Orang ketiga TUNGGAL maka kata kerjanya tambah S atau ES. Orang ketiga adalah orang yang kita bicarakan. Sedangkan orang pertama adalah yang berbicara. Orang kedua adalah lawan bicara. Tunggal adalah satu. Jadi orang ketiga tunggal adalah orang yang kita bicarakan yang berjumlah satu.<br />
Contoh:<br />
Muhammad learns english.<br />
Muhammad goes to School<br />
Berikut adalah contoh kata-kata dalam penggunaan s/es:<br />
• walk -> walks<br />
• read -> reads<br />
• buy -> buys<br />
• catch -> catches<br />
• watch -> watches<br />
• try -> tries<br />
• fly -> flies<br />
KALIMAT NEGATIF PRESENT TENSE<br />
Rumus:<br />
S +DO/DOES + NOT + V1<br />
Bentuk Negatif, artinya menyatakan TIDAK. Maka sesuai rumus Present Tense, setelah SUBJECT ditambah DO atau DOES, baru NOT, lalu tambah kata kerja bentuk pertama tanpa S atau ES.<br />
Untuk I, WE, YOU, THEY tambah DO<br />
Untuk SHE, HE, IT, Muhammad tambah DOES<br />
Contoh:<br />
I do not drink coffee.<br />
She does not drink coffee.<br />
Muhammad does not learn English.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KALIMAT TANYA PRESENT TENSE<br />
DO/DOES + S + V1<br />
Seperti halnya kalimat Negatif, Untuk I, WE, YOU, THEY menggunakan DO. Untuk SHE, HE, IT, Muhammad gunakan DOES. Contoh:<br />
Kalimat positif : I drink coffee<br />
Kalimat tanya menjadi : Do you drink cofee?<br />
Kalimat positif : She drinks coffe<br />
Kalimat Tanya : Does She drink coffee?<br />
Kalimat tanya seperti diatas disebut YES/NO Question. Karena jawabannya menggunakan Yes atau No.<br />
Do You drink coffee? “Yes I do”<br />
Untuk WH Question kata When, Where, Why, Who, What, dsb terletak di depan kalimat. Contoh:<br />
When do you drink coffee? I drink coffee every day.<br />
What does she drink? She drinks coffee.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PAST TENSE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/past-tense/" title="7:51 am"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4 Juni 2010 at 7:51 am</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/past-tense/#comments" title="Komentar pada PAST TENSE"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FUNGSI DAN PENGGUNAAN<br />
Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang telah “Lampau”.<br />
Rumus:<br />
bentuk Positif: S + V2<br />
bentukNegatif: S + did not + V1<br />
bentuk Tanya: Did + S + V1?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">V2 adalah Kata Kerja atau Verb bentuk ke-2.<br />
KALIMAT POSITIF PAST TENSE<br />
Contoh-contohnya:<br />
<i>I launched this blog on July, 14th 2009<br />
I saw her standing there yesterday</i><br />
Kata kerja bentuk kedua “launched”, ini tergolong kata kerja beraturan (regular verb). Kata kerja bentuk kedua “saw”, ini tergolong kata kerja tidak beraturan (irregular verb)<br />
KALIMAT NEGATIF PAST TENSE<br />
S + did not + V1<br />
Kita menggunakan DID dalam kalimat negatif dan VERBnya kembali ke verb 1.<br />
Perhatikan contoh berikut:<br />
1. Positif : My Father bought this car last year<br />
Negatif : My Father did not BUY this car last year<br />
2. Positif : They went to Tokyo last month.<br />
Negatif : They did not GO to Tokyo last month<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KALIMAT TANYA PAST TENSE<br />
Did +S + V1?<br />
1. Positif : My Father bought this car last year<br />
Tanya : Did My Father BUY this car last year?<br />
3. Positif : They went to Tokyo last month.<br />
Negatif : They did not GO to Tokyo last month<br />
Untuk WH Question kata When, Where, Why, Who, What, dsb terletak di depan kalimat. Contoh:<br />
When did my father buy this car? He bought this car last year<br />
Where did they go? They went to Tokyo last month<br />
Berikut adalah tabel yang dapat dipelajari:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FUTURE TENSE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/future-tense/" title="7:55 am"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4 Juni 2010 at 7:55 am</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/future-tense/#comments" title="Komentar pada FUTURE TENSE"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Future tenses merupakan bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan suatu kegiatan/peristiwa yang direncanakan atau diperkirakan akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurut bentuknya, future tenses dapat dibedakan menjadi:<br />
1. Simple future tense<br />
2. Future continuous tense<br />
3. Future perfect tense<br />
4. Future perfect continuous tense<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE<br />
Simple future tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa peristiwa/kegiatan direncanakan akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.<br />
Pola kalimat simple future tense dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut:<br />
A. SUBJECT + SHALL/WILL + VERB-1 (BE) + OBJECT/COMPLEMENT<br />
Penggunaan:<br />
1. Untuk menyatakan prediksi (prediction)<br />
Contoh:<br />
a. According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow.<br />
b. Be careful! You will hurt yourself.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Untuk menyatakan kesediaan (willingness)<br />
Contoh:<br />
a. The phone’s ringing. I will get it.<br />
b. Lola doesn’t understand this problem. Her teacher will help her.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Note:<br />
Will digunakan untuk semua subjective pronoun ( I, you, they, we, he, she, it)<br />
Shall digunakan untuk subjective pronoun (I dan we)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B. SUBJECT + IS, AM, ARE + GOING TO + VERB-1 (BE) + OBJECT/COMPLEMENT<br />
Penggunaan:<br />
1. Untuk menyatakan prediksi (prediction)<br />
Contoh:<br />
a. According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow.<br />
b. Be careful! You are going to hurt yourself.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Untuk menyatakan rencana yang pasti (prior plan)<br />
Contoh:<br />
a. I am going to study tomorrow at 07.00 p.m.<br />
b. Peter is going to meet Lucy next Sunday.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE<br />
Future continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan sedang terjadi di waktu yang akan datang.<br />
Pola kalimat future continuous tense adalah sebagai berikut:<br />
A. SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + BE + VERB-ING + OBJECT<br />
Contoh:<br />
• Tom works every morning from 9 o’clock until midday. So, at 10 o’clock tomorrow he will be working.<br />
• Don’t get impatient. She will be coming soon.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B. SUBJECT + BE GOING TO + BE + VERB-ING + OBJECT<br />
Contoh:<br />
• Don’t call me at nine because I won’t be home. I am going to be studying at the library.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE<br />
Future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan selesai sebelum waktu lain atau kejadian lain di waktu yang akan datang.<br />
Pola kalimatnya adalah:<br />
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + VERB 3 + OBJECT<br />
Contoh:<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the next time I see you, I will have graduated.<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE<br />
Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang menekankan pada durasi waktu yang akan sedang terjadi sebelum waktu yang lain atau kejadian di waktu yang akan datang.<br />
Pola kalimatnya adalah:<br />
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + VERB-ING + OBJECT<br />
Contoh:<br />
o I will go to bed at 10 p.m. he will get home at midnight. At midnight I will be sleeping. I will have been sleeping by the time he gets home.<br />
o When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have been teaching for 45 years.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FUTURE PERFECT TENSE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/future-perfect-tense/" title="7:58 am"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4 Juni 2010 at 7:58 am</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/future-perfect-tense/#comments" title="Komentar pada FUTURE PERFECT TENSE"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2 Votes<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A. PENGGUNAAN<br />
Di pakai untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan yang akan selesaiterjadi pada waktu yang tertentu di waktu yang akan dating. Di sini yang menarik perhatian kita adalah kenyataan selesainya perbuatan itu, bukanlah waktu terjadinya prbuatan itu.<br />
Bandingkanlah:<br />
1. I’ve read three of Shaw’s plays.<br />
(saya telah membaca 3 dari cerita lakon sandiwara karya Shaw: = saya mengetahui tentang lakon itu sekarang).<br />
2. I shall have read seven of Shaw’s plays by the end of the year.<br />
(Saya akan sudah membaca 7 dari lakon-lakon sandiwara karya Shaw pada akhir tahun ini; = saya akan mengetahui tentang lakon-lakon itu nantinya).<br />
Contoh-contoh lain:<br />
- They hope they will have mastered all the tenses by the times the exam comes. (Mereka berharap bahwa mereka akan telah menguasai semua tenses pada waktu ujian tiba).<br />
- When summer has started you will have forgotten all about those problems. (Apabila musim panas telah mulai kamu akan sudah melupakan semua tentang masalah itu)<br />
- The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left. (<br />
- You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.<br />
- They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.<br />
- “Mary won’t be at home when you arrive.”<br />
“Really? Where will she have gone?”<br />
- You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.<br />
- Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?<br />
- You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.<br />
- By next November, I will have received my promotion.<br />
- By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.<br />
- I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o’clock.<br />
- Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?<br />
- Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.<br />
- By the time I finish this course, I will have taken the tests.<br />
- How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?<br />
- I will have been in Lombok for six months by the time I leave.<br />
- By Monday, Tini is going to have had my book for a week.<br />
- They will have completed the project before the deadline<br />
- They are going to have completed the project before the deadline<br />
- We will have worked at the school 25 years next week.<br />
- My brother will be tired when he gets here, because he will have flown 12 hours.<br />
- The students will have finished all their exams tomorrow. I’m sure they will be happy.<br />
- They will have graduated from STAIN by March 2011.<br />
- I will have retired by the end of the year.<br />
- I read 40 pages a day. If I keep up the pace, I will have read the book by Tuesday.<br />
- I will have sent the project by Friday.<br />
- On 11 August this year we will have been married for five years.<br />
- When the mountaineers get back to the base, they’ll have been in the snowstorm for two days.<br />
- We’ll have reached the top before noon.<br />
- How long will she have worked here by the end of this year?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B. BENTUK UMUM<br />
1. Positive sentence<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh:<br />
The leaves will have fallen from the trees after two months. ( Daun-daun akan sudah berguguran dari pohph-pohon sesudah dua bulan)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- He will have been a dentist by 1998<br />
- Dewi will have been healthy by tonight.<br />
- Miss Cathy will have been here by two more years.<br />
1. Negative Sentence<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh:<br />
I hope when you have finished doing your homework, you won’t have made many mistakes in it.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- He won’t have been a doctor by next year.<br />
- They won’t have been happy by 2012.<br />
- The students won’t have been here by next Thursday.<br />
2. Interrogative Sentence<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh:<br />
- Will you have written your paper by tomorrow?<br />
- What will she have done by the end of this year?<br />
- When will the result of examination have appeared?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">- Will you have been an engineer by next year?<br />
- Shall we have been satisfactory by tonight?<br />
- Will she have been here by 2011?<br />
- When will they have been in Solo?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">C. PENGGUNAAN ADVERB<br />
Future perfect tense sering digunakan “by” and “not”, “for” dan “until” untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan selesai di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.<br />
Keterangan waktu dalam tenses ini lebih lazim memakai kata depan ‘by’:<br />
- by the beginning of… = pada awal….<br />
- by the middle of… = pada pertengahan…<br />
- by the end of… = pada akhir…<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">D. KETENTUAN PENGGUNAAN FUTURE PERFECT TENSE<br />
Future perfect tense digunakan untuk kegiatan yang tidak kontinyu. Keterangan waktunya ditentukan dan dapat dipahami. Seperti semua bentuk ‘future’, future perfect tidak bias digunakan dalam klausa yang dimulai dengan time expressions seperti: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, dll.<br />
Contoh<br />
• I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. salah<br />
• I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. benar<br />
Periode waktu yang digunakan biasanya menunjukkan :<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> next week<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> next year<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> next month dll.<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Waktu tertentu<br />
contoh:<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> We will have worked at the school 25 years next week.<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> My brother will be tired when he gets here, because he will have flown 12 hours.<br />
</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">§</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> The students will have finished all their exams tomorrow. I’m sure they will be happy.<br />
E. BENTUK FUTURE PERFECT DENGAN TO BE GOING TO<br />
[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]<br />
Contoh:<br />
• You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.<br />
• Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?<br />
• You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.<br />
F. ACTIVE / PASSIVE<br />
Contoh:<br />
• They will have completed the project before the deadline. ACTIVE<br />
• The project will have been completed before the deadline. PASSIVE<br />
• They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. ACTIVE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PAST PERFECT TENSE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/07/past-perfect-tense/" title="11:50 pm"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7 Juni 2010 at 11:50 pm</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/07/past-perfect-tense/#comments" title="Komentar pada PAST PERFECT TENSE"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A. PENGGUNAAN<br />
1. Dipakai untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan yang telah selesai terjadi, sebelum perbuatan lain yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk past tense terjadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh:<br />
• <i>After he had broken the window he ran away.</i><br />
(Setelah dia memecahkan jendela itu dia lari)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• <i>After we had had our dinner we went out.</i><br />
(Setelah kami makan malam, kami pergi keluar)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• <i>The football match had come to an end before I reach the ground.</i><br />
(Pertandingan sepak bola itu sudah berakhir sebelum saya tiba di lapangan).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• <i>When we arrived, the concert had already finished.</i><br />
(Ketika kami tiba,konsernya baru saja selesai).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• <i>It had got/gotten worse before it got better.</i><br />
(Hal itu sudah menjadi semakin buruk sebelum menjadi semakin baik).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• <i>By the time I watched my favorite program, I had drunk a cup of coffee. </i><br />
(Saat aku menonton acara favoritku, aku sudah minum secangkir kopi).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• <i>By the time I got to the market, most of the stalls had already been closed.</i><br />
(Saat Aku sampai di pasar, banyak toko yang baru saja ditutup.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">• <i>Joko had never seen a camel before he went to the Zoo.</i><br />
(Joko belum pernah melihat onta sebelum dia pergi ke kebun binatang)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Disini, kita tidak tahu kalimat mana yang lebih dulu dikerjakan. Mungkin kami menonton film dulu kemudian membahasnya di kelas atau kami membahas film itu baru kemudian kami menontonnya. Untuk menentukan pekerjaan yang lebih dulu dikerjakan, kita menggunakan Past Perfect Tense.<br />
- After we had gone to see the movie, We discussed it in the claas.<br />
- After we had discussed the movie in the class we went to see it.<br />
Perhatikan dua paragraph di bawah ini!<br />
I wanted to live in Salatiga, so I applied for a job in there. Sandi lived in Salatiga, so I called him to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there. (Mungkin Sandi masih tinggal di Salatiga ketika aku menemuinya).<br />
I wanted to live in Salatiga, so I applied for a job in there. Sandi had lived in Salatiga, so I called him to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there. (Sandi sudah tidak tinggal di Salatiga ketika aku menemuinya).<br />
2. Dipakai untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan berlangsung sampai pekerjaan lain dalam bentuk past tense dimulai.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh:<br />
• We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.<br />
• By the time Ani finished his studies, she had been in Yogyakarta for over eight years.<br />
• They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.<br />
3. Dipakai dalam conditional sentences tipe 3<br />
Contoh:<br />
• If I hadn’t taken my keys from the drawer, I would be unable to get into my house. (But I took my keys, I could get into my house).<br />
• If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the bus station. (But I didn’t know, so I didn’t come).<br />
• If you had obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened. (But you didn’t obey so this disaster happened).<br />
4. Dipakai dalam bentuk reported speech.<br />
Contoh:<br />
• Ann: I was in the US 12 months ago. George: Ann said she had been in the United States 12 months earlier.<br />
• Ann: I have searched all the rooms. George: Ann said she had searched all the rooms.<br />
5. Dipakai untuk menunjukkan penyesalan/ketidakpuasan pada masa lalu. Fungsi ini disebut juga hypothetical past yaitu membicarakan sesuatu yang tidak pernah terjadi<br />
Contoh:<br />
• Dave had never seen a camel before he went to the Zoo.<br />
• I wish I hadn’t gone there.<br />
• I wish I had fixed my umbrella.<br />
• If only I had known the answer to that question.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KALIMAT DEKLARATIF<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/kalimat-deklaratif/" title="8:03 am"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4 Juni 2010 at 8:03 am</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/kalimat-deklaratif/#comments" title="Komentar pada KALIMAT DEKLARATIF"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6 Votes<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalimat deklaratif merupakan tipe atau jenis yang paling penting. Anda dapat dan sering akan menulis esai atau laporang menggunakan kalimat deklaratif. Dan tipe inilah yang paling sering digunakan lebih sering dari pada tiga jenis tipe kalimat yang lain (Interogatif, imperatif dan esklamatif). Kalimat deklaratif secara mudah menyatakan fakta atau argumen, menyatakan gagasan tanpa meminta jawaban atau tindakan dari pembaca. Tipe kalimat ini tidak memberi perintah atau permintaan dan tidak juga menanyakan sesuatu hal. Jenis ini adalah jenis yang paling mudah dan sederhana karena subyek dan predikatnya memiliki urutan kata yang normal. Contohnya:<br />
• He has gone to Bali three times.<br />
• They could not do their work<br />
• I am going home.<br />
Tetapi bisa juga urutan katanya berubah:<br />
• Never have I seen such a naughty boy.<br />
• Near the door lay a dog.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">FORMASI UMUM<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalimat deklaratif terdiri dari subyek dan prediat. Subyeknya mungkin bisa berupa subyek sederhana atau subyek yang berbentuk frasa.<br />
Contohnya:<br />
His name is Jhon.<br />
dalam kalimat ini, subyeknya adalah “his name” dan predikatnyanya adalah “is Jhon”.<br />
Contoh-contoh lain<br />
• Mario plays the piano.<br />
• I hope you can come tomorrow.<br />
• We’ve forgotten the sugar.<br />
• Ottawa is the capital of Canada.<br />
Untuk yang awal ini , ingatlah aturan yang sederhana ini:<br />
subject verb(s) object<br />
I speak English<br />
I can speak English<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KALIMAT INTEROGATIF-KALIMAT TANYA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/kalimat-interogatif-kalimat-tanya/" title="8:08 am"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4 Juni 2010 at 8:08 am</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/kalimat-interogatif-kalimat-tanya/#comments" title="Komentar pada KALIMAT INTEROGATIF-KALIMAT TANYA"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">2 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">JENIS KALIMAT INTEROGATIF<br />
Ada empat jenis kalimat interogatif:<br />
1. Yes/No Interrogatives<br />
Yes/No Interrogatives biasanya akan dijawab dengan ya atau tidak. Pertanyaan ini diawali dengan auxiliary verb, seperti do/does, can, would, dan lainnya.<br />
Contoh:<br />
• Will you bring your book?<br />
=> Answer: Yes, I will. Or No, I will not.<br />
• Did she pass the test?<br />
=> Answer: Yes, I did. Or No, I did not.<br />
2. Alternative Interrogatives<br />
Alternative interrogatives menawarkan dua atau lebih alternatif tanggapan. Kalimat Tanya ini juga diawali dengan auxiliary verb.<br />
Contoh:<br />
• Should I telephone you or send an email?<br />
• Do you want bear, wine, or wisky?<br />
3. Wh- Interrogatives<br />
Wh- Interrogatives diperkenalkan oleh wh- word, dan mereka memancing sebuah respon terbuka. Dikatakan wh word karena kata-kata Tanya tersebut huruf depannya adalah w dan h, yakni what , when , where, who , whom , which , why , whose , how.<br />
Contoh:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Tag Questions</span><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">Question Tag adalah bentuk kalimat tanya yang pola kalimatnya menggunakan kata tanya di akhir kalimat. Kalimat tanya ini biasanya tidak membutuhkan jawaban karena digunakan untuk menanyakan hal-hal yang diyakini benar oleh sang penanya.Kalau kita membuat suatu pernyataan dan mengakhirinya dengan pertanyaan, agar si pendengar memberikan penegasannya kita sebut tag questions. Dalam bahasa lisan tag questions sering digunakan.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Hal-hal yang perlu kita perhatikan adalah sebagai berikut :</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">a) Kalau kalimat pernyataan positif atau kata kerja utama (main verb) positif, tag verb adalah negatif atau lazimnya disebut negative tag.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: He is working, isn’t he?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b) Kalau kalimat pernyataan negatif atau main verb negatif, tag verb positif atau lazimnya disebut positive tag.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: He didn’t come, did he?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c) Tense dari tag sama seperti tense dalam kalimat utama.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: She types accurately, doesn’t she?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d) Special verbs sebagai modal verbs (kata kerja bantu)</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">To be, to have, dan modal auxiliaries (kata bantu pengandaian): shall, should, will, would,</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">can, could, may, might, must, ought, need diulang dalam tag.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">To be</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: She is reading, isn’t she?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">To have</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: You have sent it, haven’t you?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Modal auxiliaries</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: You needn’t have put more sugar in my coffe, need you?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e) Kata kerja biasa memakai kata kerja bantu to do di dalam tag.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">To be</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Tag question dari kalimat-kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja penghubung subjek dan predikat (linking verb) to be:</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: There isn’t any news, is there?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Tag question dari kalimat-kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) to be:</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: She is reading, isn’t she?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">To have</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Tag question dari kalimat-kalimat yang memakai kata kerja bantu to have:</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: You haven’t written yet, have you?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Tag question dari kalimat-kalimat yang memakai kata kerja to have :</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: He has a lot of money, hasn’t he?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Modal auxiliary</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: She can sing, can’t she?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">We needn’t do that, need we?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Tag question yang memakai kata kerja bantu to do (do, does,did)</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">You speak English, don’t you?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">He likes tennis, doesn’t he?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Tag question yang berhubungan dengan tenses:</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: The train had left before I arrived, hadn’t it?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">I finished the work yesterday, didn’t I?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">I didn’t finish the work yesterday, did I?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Perhatikan :</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Let’s go to the movie, shall we?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Wait a moment, will you?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Catatan :</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Jawaban tag question :</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">1) Membenarkan :</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: You are working, aren’t you? Yes, I am</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">You aren’t a doctor, are you? No, I am not</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">2) Menyangkal</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh: He is clever, isn’t he? No, he isn’t</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Catatan:</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Berhati-hatilah untuk membedakan antara pertanyaan langsung dan tidak langsung. Pertanyaan langsung biasanya menggunakan urutan kata terbalik (kata kerja sebelum subjek) dan diakhiri dengan tanda tanya. Pertanyaan tidak langsung biasanya tidak menggunakan urutan kata terbalik dan tidak diakhiri dengan tanda tanya.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Contoh:</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">• When was Lester Pearson prime minister ?</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">=> Direct/Interrogative.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">• I wonder when Lester Pearson was prime minister.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">=> Indirect/Declarative.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-alt: 14.25pt; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: #009193; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background: #FAFAFA; border-bottom: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #F3F4F4 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #F3F4F4 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 2.0pt 0cm 2.0pt 0cm;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border: none; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;"><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/kalimat-sederhana-dan-kalimat-majemuk/" title="7:36 am"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4 Juni 2010 at 7:36 am</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><a href="http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/04/kalimat-sederhana-dan-kalimat-majemuk/#comments" title="Komentar pada SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #6c8c37; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5 komentar</span></a><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2 Votes<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penulis yang piawai menggunakan beragam kalimat untuk membuat tulisannya menarik dan terasa hidup. Jika tulisannya terlalu banyak menggunakan kalimat sederhana, contohnya, akan terasa kikuk dan tidak dewasa. Di sisi yang lain,jika tulisan itu terlalu banyak kalimat yang panjang maka tulisan itu akan sulit untuk dibaca dan sulit untuk dipahami.<br />
Bab ini berisi definisi kalimat sederhana, majemuk setara dan majemuk bertingkat dalam bahasa Inggris berikut contoh-contoh sederhana yang mengikutinya. Tujuan dari pemaparan contoh-contoh tersebut adalah untuk membantu pebelajar ESL/EFL untuk mengenali dasar-dasar konstruksi kalimat termasuk pengenalan kalimat-kalimat yang disebutkan dalam Quis singkat yang mengikutinya. Sesudah itu, adalah mungkin menganalisis kalimat dalam variasi yang lebih rumit.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KALIMAT SEDERHANA</span></b><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
Kalimat sederhana, juga disebut klausa independen, terdiri dari sebuah subyek dan sebuah kata kerja, dan clausa itu menyatakan pemikiran yang lengkap. Dalam kalimat-kalimat sederhana berikut ini, subyeknya ditulis dengan garis bawah, sedangkan kata kerjanya dicetak miring.<br />
A. Some students like to study in the morning.<br />
B.Fatah and Zubeir read Al-Qur’an after Maghrib time every night.<br />
C. Fay Ahmed goes to the library and studies every day.<br />
Tiga contoh diatas merupakan contoh-contoh kalimat sederhana. Perlu dicatat bahwa kalimat B berisi subyek majemuk dan kalimat C berisi kata kerja majemuk. Dalam kalimat sederhana terdapat subyek dan kata kerja yang menyatakan pikiran yang lengkap, tetapi mereka juga bisa berisi subyek dan kata kerja majemuk.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KALIMAT MAJEMUK SETARA</span></b><span style="color: #414141; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
Kalimat majemuk terdiri dari dua klausa yang berdiri sendiri yang dihubungkan oleh sebuah penghubung (coordinator). Yang disebut koordinator ialah sebagai berikut :for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.(jembatan keledai untuk memudahkan menghafal urutan ini ialah singkatan FANBOYS). Kecuali untuk kalimat yang sangat singkat, koordinator selalu didahului oleh koma. Dalam kalimat-kalimat majemuk berikut ini, subyeknya digaris bawahi, kata kerjanya dicetak miring dan koordinator dan koma yang mendahuluinya dicetak tebal.<br />
A. I tried to speak Arabic , and my friend tried to speak English.<br />
B. Ibrahimovic played football, so Maria went to the market.<br />
C. Ibrahimovic played football, for Maria went to the market.<br />
Contoh ketiga kalimat di atas merupakan contoh kalimat majemuk setara. Tiap kalimat berisi dua klausa independen dan mereka dihubungkan oleh koordinator dengan tanda koma yang mendahuluinya. Perlu dicatat bahwa bagaimana penggunaan secara sadar atas penghubung/koordinator dapat merubah hubungan diantara klausa-klausa. Kalimat B dan C misalnya, kelihatan mirip kecuali kata penghubung yang dipakai. Dalam kalimat B, kejadian yang mana yang terjadi pertama kali?. Sudah jelas dari contoh di atas “Ibrahimovic played football” adalah yang pertama, dan sebagai konsekuensinya, “”Maria went shopping. Dalam kalimat C, “Ibrahimovic played football” karena, kemungkinan saja dia bingung mau megerjakan apa, karena tahu bahwa “Maria went shopping”<br />
<b>KALIMAT MAJEMUK BERTINGKAT</b><br />
Kalimat majemuk setara memiliki satu klausa independen yang dirangkai dengan satu atau lebih klausa yang dependen. Kalimat majemuk bertingkat selalu memiliki subordinator seperti kata “because”, “since”, “after”, “although”, atau ketika pronomina relatif seperti kata “that”, “who”, atau “which”.dalam kalimat majemuk bertingkat berikut ini, subyeknya digaris bawahi, kata kerjanya dicetak miring dan subordinator dan komanya (jika diperlukan saja) dicetak tebal.<br />
A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.<br />
B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.<br />
C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.<br />
D. After they finished studying, Irfan and Upin went to the campus mosque.<br />
E. Irfan and Upin went to the campus mosque after they finished studying.<br />
Ketika kalimat majemuk bertingkat dimulai dengan subordinator seperti kalimat A dan D, bentuk koma diperlukan pada akhir klausa yang dependen. Ketika klausa independen diawali dengna kalimat dengan subordinator pada tengah kalimat seperti pada kalimat B,C dan E, tanpa koma tidak masalah. Jika koma diletakkan sebelum subordinator dalam kalimat B,C dan E, maka salahlah bentuk tersebut.<br />
Perlu dicatat bahwa kalimat D dan E adalah sama kecuali kalimat D dimulai dengan klausa dependen yang diikuti oleh koma, dan kalimat E dimulai dengan klausa independen yang berisi kalimat tanpa koma. Koma sesudah klausa dependen di kalimat D diperlukan, dan seorang pendengar yang berpengalaman akan sering mendengar perhentian sementara di kalimat ini. Dalam kalimat E, bagaimanapun juga, tidak ada perhentian ketika klausa independen terdapat pada kalimat tersebut..<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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